Immune base therapy, frequently referred to as desensitization, is the closest thing to a treatallergy, mainly for allergies to some harsh insects and for allergic rhinitis. Subcutaneous immunotherapy is the most general type of among this. It involves giving an injection to the patient containing the allergen to which they are sensitized. The injections are usually given as a course of injections of purified extracts of allergen, beneath the skin of the upper arm.

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In the beginning, injections will be given at intervals of a week or fewer, while doses of allergen are slowly increased. Once on the maintenance dose, it is continued to attend for injections every few weeks for at least 2 years. One may be asked to wait in the clinic for one hour after each injection so that if serious side effects occur they can be quickly treated.

A rapid method of reaching the maintenance dose is through the Rush immunotherapy. Several injections may be given per day, and occasionally this will need admission to hospital. This method is frequently used in patients with bee and sting anaphylaxis. In exceptional situationRush protocols are only used with further allergens, because allergic reactions to this type of treatment are more common.Individual responses to immunotherapy vary and the duration of an individual treatment will be tailored to their own needs. Skin tests and blood tests may be used to help determine how effective the treatment is.

At the injection site,itching and swelling are common reactions, even though many patients have no reaction at all. Swelling can increase over hours to days after the injectionin some patients. Anti histaminic tablets and an ice pack will help in relieving the swelling in this condition. The feelings of tiredness or flu-like symptoms are also seen in some patients over the hours following an injection. In order to reduce the risk of side effects such as these one should avoid alcohol or strenuous activities on the day of the injection.

There were some serious reactions to immune based therapy in the past but modern immunotherapeutic vaccines have fine safety evidence. The extracts of allergens are more highly purified and are administered only by highly skilled specialists in a safe environment. A number of new injection vaccines are becoming available which generate their desensitizing effect much more rapidly and can be given as one short course of four injections over 3 to 4 weeks before the pollen season, with less side effects and better results. The same technique may also be used for immunotherapy to house dust germs and animals, which would greatly decrease the cost and time consuming assurancenecessary to go through current immune based therapy regimes.